Demo 32 -- some tests of sc v 1.63
[ Obtained using a 450 MHz Pentium II running Linux and gcc-compiled sc ]

[ the form     /p/q/   for significance tests below gives the
  left (p) and right (q) tail probabilities for the observed result ]


__________Mean and variance of 1,2,..,9 with 10^i added

 i		mean - 10^i			   variance

 1             5                          	   7.5              
 2             5                          	   7.5              
 3             5                          	   7.5              
 4             5                          	   7.5              
 5             5                          	   7.5              
 6             5                          	   7.5              
 7             5                          	   7.5              
 8             5                          	   7.5              
 9             5                          	   7.5              
10             5                          	   7.5              
11             5                          	   7.5              
12             5                          	   7.5              
13             5                          	   7.5              
14             5                          	   7.5              
15             5                          	   7.5              


__________Ackermann function, testing recursion

                time (secs)
ack( 1 , 1 )= 3      0 
ack( 1 , 2 )= 4      0 
ack( 1 , 3 )= 5      0 
ack( 2 , 1 )= 5      0 
ack( 2 , 2 )= 7      0 
ack( 2 , 3 )= 9      0 


__________small Wampler regression example using lsqs() (Givens)
          Solution: 100000, 100000, 100000

  100000                    100000.01124944            99999.9887505597       


__________same, using svdlsqs() (Singular Value Decomposition)

  100000                     99999.9999999999         100000                  


__________Testing Singular Value Decomposition routines
          Data from Nash(1979), Example 3.2. Using svdlsqs()

Singular Values:
  5298.56         345.511          0.0513828     36.1125        21.4209    

All SVs in:
  207.783       -0.0461924    1.01939     -0.159823    -0.290376 

SVs <1 out:
  0.0043336 -0.0585322  1.17569   -0.25229    0.699622 

SVs <22 out:
  0.0051426  0.0434834  0.392027  -0.0693359  1.0115   

SVs <40 out:
  0.0025459 -0.152991   0.300128   0.469295   0.528882 


__________Longley (1967) regressions (JASA 62 819-841)
          using lsqsregr() (Givens)

 -3482258.6346                   15.061872271              -0.035819179293    
       -2.0202298038             -1.0332268672             -0.051104105654    
     1829.1514646         

 -216183.11263                 -59.348299379              -0.00023189170167   
      -0.094308284346           -0.31654691658            -0.09950747005      
     123.69160185         

  163482.24472                  27.946704408              -0.00048918763524   
       0.043878613518           -0.24220940258             0.04335594633      
     -84.249501569        

 -186189.16704                   5.8577810403             -0.0038417353173    
      -0.074452728762           -0.070583168664            0.0030939004368    
      96.009934126        

  134876.74572                 -27.792935556               0.018027309611     
       0.19994872421            -0.063304307904           -0.14356789922      
     -61.646195843        

 -4030309.3837                   39.424275592              -0.065996259704    
       -2.3196678654             -0.34243923231             0.049486671856    
     2096.2885735         

  384349.16874                   3.392522056               0.010703514023     
       0.12647553773             0.20303490823            -0.0258688355       
    -196.76061019         

  267714.86965                  25.581824111               0.0060090714316    
       0.097896199194           -0.20117874736             0.12190358049      
    -144.18233726         

Average (user) time per regression, excluding I/O: 0 secs


__________same, using svdlsqs() (Singular Value Decomposition)

 -3482258.6346                   15.061872271              -0.035819179292    
       -2.0202298039             -1.0332268674             -0.051104105661    
     1829.1514646         

 -216183.11263                 -59.348299379              -0.00023189170159   
      -0.094308284353           -0.31654691659            -0.099507470051     
     123.69160185         

  163482.24472                  27.946704408              -0.00048918763529   
       0.043878613524           -0.24220940257             0.043355946331     
     -84.249501569        

 -186189.16704                   5.8577810403             -0.0038417353173    
      -0.074452728769           -0.070583168674            0.0030939004364    
      96.009934126        

  134876.74572                 -27.792935556               0.018027309611     
       0.19994872422            -0.063304307897           -0.14356789922      
     -61.646195843        

 -4030309.3837                   39.424275592              -0.065996259703    
       -2.3196678655             -0.34243923253             0.049486671847    
     2096.2885735         

  384349.16874                   3.392522056               0.010703514023     
       0.12647553774             0.20303490825            -0.0258688355       
    -196.76061019         

  267714.86965                  25.581824111               0.0060090714315    
       0.097896199203           -0.20117874735             0.12190358049      
    -144.18233726         

Average (user) time per regression, excluding I/O: 0.00125 secs


__________Wampler (1970) JASA 65 p549-565 : problem Y1
          Solution: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Using lsqs() (Givens):

 1.00000000005599 		( 10.252 )
 0.999999999990997 		( 11.046 )
 1.0000000000094 		( 11.027 )
 0.999999999998721 		( 11.893 )
 1.00000000000006 		( 13.232 )
 0.999999999999999 		( 15.051 )
....average # correct digits= 12.084 

Using svdlsqs() (Singular Value Decomposition):

 1.00000000040327 		( 9.3944 )
 0.999999999778143 		( 9.6539 )
 1.00000000006606 		( 10.18 )
 0.999999999992418 		( 11.12 )
 1.00000000000038 		( 12.425 )
 0.999999999999993 		( 14.155 )
....average # correct digits= 11.155 


__________Wampler (1970) JASA 65 p549-565 : problem Y2
          Solution: 1, .1, .01, .001, .0001, .00001

Using lsqs() (Givens):

 0.999999999999999 		( 15.256 )
 0.0999999999999994 		( 14.245 )
 0.0100000000000005 		( 13.342 )
 0.000999999999999922 		( 13.108 )
 0.000100000000000005 		( 13.3 )
 9.99999999999989e-06 		( 13.965 )
....average # correct digits= 13.869 

Using svdlsqs() (Singular Value Decomposition):

 1.00000000000406 		( 11.392 )
 0.0999999999999941 		( 13.23 )
 0.010000000000002 		( 12.701 )
 0.000999999999999778 		( 12.654 )
 0.000100000000000014 		( 12.858 )
 9.99999999999446e-06 		( 12.256 )
....average # correct digits= 12.515 


__________Do then undo a fast Fourier transform, length 512

 .. forward transform .. reverse transform (time: 0 secs)

Biggest change was 3.33066907387547e-16 


__________Invert then re-invert a matrix

Matrix is: A(i,i)= N+1,  A(i,j)= N, i<>j;  N is 15

 .. inverting .. re-inverting (time: 0 secs)

Biggest change was 7.46069872548105e-14 


__________Solve the equations:

            x + 3y - 4z =  8
            x +  y - 2z =  2
           -x - 2y + 5z = -1

x= 1   y= 5   z= 2 
Time: 0 secs


__________Minimize x-squared, x in (-1,1), using minimize1

Minimum is  0  at x=  0 
Time: 0 secs


__________Minimize Rosenbrock's parabolic valley function

          y= 100(b-a^2)^2 + (1-a)^2 
          Starting point: a= -1.2, b= 1
          Solution: minimum of 0 at 1,1

Minimum is  6.07447639246426e-19  at:
	 0.99999999953864   0.999999999601456 
Time: 0 secs


__________Minimize Powell's quartic function

          y= (a+10b)^2 + 5(c-d)^2 + (b-2c)^4 + 10(a-d)^4 
          Starting point: a= 3, b= -1, c= 0, d= 1
          Solution: minimum of 0 at 0,0,0,0

Minimum is  2.08825171663833e-17  at:
	-9.40391835889073e-06  -9.40597467942905e-07   2.33335224006967e-05   2.3333600784477e-05 
Time: 0.01 secs


__________Stem-and-leaf of a standard normal sample (n=80)

#80   stem unit: 1

  2 -2*  43  8
  5 -1.  80 69 51
 13 -1*  43 39 38 34 32 23  8  7
 23 -0.  93 91 90 88 87 85 68 58 53 51
(19)-0*  48 48 46 46 44 41 38 37 36 35 33 27 24 21 19 16 12 12  6
 38  0*   4  5  8  9 12 13 13 14 17 21 32 32 33 33 41
 23  0.  52 55 59 59 60 61 63 79 91 95 96 99
 11  1*   6 13 16 17 24 24 34
  4  1.  52 52 66
  1  2*  45


__________Critically large Chisquare

df	      0.05        0.01        0.001       0.0001

 1 	      3.8414      6.6349     10.8276     15.1367
 2 	      5.9914      9.2103     13.8155     18.4207
 3 	      7.8147     11.3449     16.2662     21.1075
 4 	      9.4877     13.2767     18.4668     23.5127
 5 	     11.0705     15.0863     20.515      25.7448
 6 	     12.5916     16.8119     22.4577     27.8563
 7 	     14.0671     18.4753     24.3219     29.8775
 8 	     15.5073     20.0902     26.1245     31.8276
 9 	     16.919      21.666      27.8772     33.7199
 10 	     18.307      23.2093     29.5883     35.564 
 11 	     19.6751     24.725      31.2641     37.367 
 12 	     21.0261     26.217      32.9095     39.1344
 13 	     22.362      27.6882     34.5282     40.8707
 14 	     23.6848     29.1412     36.1233     42.5793
 15 	     24.9958     30.5779     37.6973     44.2632
 16 	     26.2962     31.9999     39.2524     45.9249
 17 	     27.5871     33.4087     40.7902     47.5664
 18 	     28.8693     34.8053     42.3124     49.1894
 19 	     30.1435     36.1909     43.8202     50.7955
 20 	     31.4104     37.5662     45.3147     52.386 
 21 	     32.6706     38.9322     46.797      53.962 
 22 	     33.9244     40.2894     48.2679     55.5246
 23 	     35.1725     41.6384     49.7282     57.0746
 24 	     36.415      42.9798     51.1786     58.613 
 25 	     37.6525     44.3141     52.6197     60.1403
 26 	     38.8851     45.6417     54.052      61.6573
 27 	     40.1133     46.9629     55.476      63.1645
 28 	     41.3371     48.2782     56.8923     64.6624
 29 	     42.557      49.5879     58.3012     66.1517
 30 	     43.773      50.8922     59.7031     67.6326
 31 	     44.9853     52.1914     61.0983     69.1057
 32 	     46.1943     53.4858     62.4872     70.5712
 33 	     47.3999     54.7755     63.8701     72.0296
 34 	     48.6024     56.0609     65.2472     73.4812
 35 	     49.8018     57.3421     66.6188     74.9262
 36 	     50.9985     58.6192     67.9852     76.365 
 37 	     52.1923     59.8925     69.3465     77.7977
 38 	     53.3835     61.1621     70.7029     79.2247
 39 	     54.5722     62.4281     72.0547     80.6462
 40 	     55.7585     63.6907     73.402      82.0623

Average time per value, including I/O:  6.25e-05  secs


__________Critically large Student t

df	      0.05        0.01        0.001       0.0001

 1 	      6.3137     31.8205    318.309    3183.1   
 2 	      2.9199      6.9645     22.3271     70.7001
 3 	      2.3533      4.5407     10.2145     22.2037
 4 	      2.1318      3.7469      7.1731     13.0337
 5 	      2.0150      3.3649      5.8934      9.6775
 6 	      1.9431      3.1426      5.2076      8.0247
 7 	      1.8945      2.9979      4.7852      7.0634
 8 	      1.8595      2.8964      4.5007      6.4420
 9 	      1.8331      2.8214      4.2968      6.0101
 10 	      1.8124      2.7637      4.1437      5.6938
 11 	      1.7958      2.7180      4.0247      5.4527
 12 	      1.7822      2.681       3.9296      5.2632
 13 	      1.7709      2.6503      3.8519      5.1105
 14 	      1.7613      2.6244      3.7873      4.9850
 15 	      1.7530      2.6024      3.7328      4.88  
 16 	      1.7458      2.5834      3.6861      4.7909
 17 	      1.7396      2.5669      3.6457      4.7144
 18 	      1.7340      2.5523      3.6104      4.6480
 19 	      1.7291      2.5394      3.5794      4.5898
 20 	      1.7247      2.5279      3.5518      4.5385
 21 	      1.7207      2.5176      3.5271      4.4928
 22 	      1.7171      2.5083      3.5049      4.4519
 23 	      1.7138      2.4998      3.4849      4.4152
 24 	      1.7108      2.4921      3.4667      4.3819
 25 	      1.7081      2.4851      3.4501      4.3516
 26 	      1.7056      2.4786      3.435       4.3240
 27 	      1.7032      2.4726      3.4210      4.2987
 28 	      1.7011      2.4671      3.4081      4.2754
 29 	      1.6991      2.4620      3.3962      4.2538
 30 	      1.6972      2.4572      3.3851      4.2339
 31 	      1.6955      2.4528      3.3749      4.2155
 32 	      1.6938      2.4486      3.3653      4.1983
 33 	      1.6923      2.4447      3.3563      4.1822
 34 	      1.6909      2.4411      3.3479      4.1672
 35 	      1.6895      2.4377      3.3400      4.1531
 36 	      1.6883      2.4344      3.3326      4.1399
 37 	      1.6870      2.4314      3.3256      4.1274
 38 	      1.6859      2.4285      3.3190      4.1157
 39 	      1.6848      2.4258      3.3127      4.1046
 40 	      1.6838      2.4232      3.3068      4.0942
 41 	      1.6828      2.4208      3.3012      4.0842
 42 	      1.6819      2.4184      3.2959      4.0748
 43 	      1.6810      2.4162      3.2908      4.0659
 44 	      1.6802      2.4141      3.2860      4.0574
 45 	      1.6794      2.4121      3.2814      4.0493
 46 	      1.6786      2.4101      3.2771      4.0416
 47 	      1.6779      2.4083      3.2729      4.0342
 48 	      1.6772      2.4065      3.2689      4.0272
 49 	      1.6765      2.4048      3.2650      4.0204
 50 	      1.6759      2.4032      3.2614      4.0140
 51 	      1.6752      2.4017      3.2578      4.0078
 52 	      1.6746      2.4002      3.2545      4.0019
 53 	      1.6741      2.3987      3.2512      3.9962
 54 	      1.6735      2.3974      3.2481      3.9908
 55 	      1.6730      2.3960      3.2451      3.9855
 56 	      1.6725      2.3948      3.2422      3.9805
 57 	      1.6720      2.3935      3.2394      3.9756
 58 	      1.6715      2.3923      3.2368      3.9709
 59 	      1.6710      2.3912      3.2342      3.9664
 60 	      1.6706      2.3901      3.2317      3.9620
 61 	      1.6702      2.3890      3.2293      3.9578
 62 	      1.6698      2.3880      3.2269      3.9538
 63 	      1.6694      2.3870      3.2247      3.9498
 64 	      1.6690      2.3860      3.2225      3.9460
 65 	      1.6686      2.3851      3.2204      3.9424
 66 	      1.6682      2.3841      3.2183      3.9388
 67 	      1.6679      2.3833      3.2163      3.9354
 68 	      1.6675      2.3824      3.2144      3.9320
 69 	      1.6672      2.3816      3.2126      3.9288
 70 	      1.6669      2.3808      3.2107      3.9256
 71 	      1.6666      2.3800      3.2090      3.9226
 72 	      1.6662      2.3792      3.2073      3.9196
 73 	      1.666       2.3785      3.2056      3.9168
 74 	      1.6657      2.3778      3.2040      3.914 
 75 	      1.6654      2.3771      3.2024      3.9112
 76 	      1.6651      2.3764      3.2009      3.9086
 77 	      1.6648      2.3757      3.1994      3.9060
 78 	      1.6646      2.3751      3.1980      3.9035
 79 	      1.6643      2.3744      3.1966      3.9011
 80 	      1.6641      2.3738      3.1952      3.8987
 81 	      1.6638      2.3732      3.1939      3.8964
 82 	      1.6636      2.3726      3.1926      3.8941
 83 	      1.6634      2.3721      3.1913      3.892 
 84 	      1.6632      2.3715      3.1901      3.8898
 85 	      1.6629      2.3710      3.1889      3.8877
 86 	      1.6627      2.3704      3.1877      3.8857
 87 	      1.6625      2.3699      3.1865      3.8837
 88 	      1.6623      2.3694      3.1854      3.8817
 89 	      1.6621      2.3689      3.1843      3.8798
 90 	      1.6619      2.3685      3.1832      3.8780
 91 	      1.6617      2.3680      3.1822      3.8762
 92 	      1.6615      2.3675      3.1811      3.8744
 93 	      1.6614      2.3671      3.1801      3.8727
 94 	      1.6612      2.3666      3.1792      3.8710
 95 	      1.6610      2.3662      3.1782      3.8693
 96 	      1.6608      2.3658      3.1773      3.8677
 97 	      1.6607      2.3654      3.1763      3.8661
 98 	      1.6605      2.365       3.1754      3.8646
 99 	      1.6603      2.3646      3.1746      3.8630
 100 	      1.6602      2.3642      3.1737      3.8616

Average time per value, including I/O:  5e-05  secs


__________Kendall S right tail, n=8
 0 		   0.548            
 2 		   0.452            
 4 		   0.36             
 6 		   0.274            
 8 		   0.199            
 10 		   0.138            
 12 		   0.0894           
 14 		   0.0543           
 16 		   0.0305           
 18 		   0.0156           
 20 		   0.00707          
 22 		   0.00275          
 24 		   0.000868         
 26 		   0.000198         
 28 		   2.48e-05         

Average time per value, including I/O:  0  secs


__________Binomial point probability and right tail, n=20, p=.5

 0 	      9.53674e-07         1             
 1 	      1.90735e-05         0.999999      
 2 	      0.000181198         0.99998       
 3 	      0.00108719          0.999799      
 4 	      0.00462055          0.998712      
 5 	      0.0147858           0.994091      
 6 	      0.0369644           0.979305      
 7 	      0.0739288           0.942341      
 8 	      0.120134            0.868412      
 9 	      0.160179            0.748278      
 10 	      0.176197            0.588099      
 11 	      0.160179            0.411901      
 12 	      0.120134            0.251722      
 13 	      0.0739288           0.131588      
 14 	      0.0369644           0.0576591     
 15 	      0.0147858           0.0206947     
 16 	      0.00462055          0.00590897    
 17 	      0.00108719          0.00128841    
 18 	      0.000181198         0.000201225   
 19 	      1.90735e-05         2.00272e-05   
 20 	      9.53674e-07         9.53674e-07   

Average time per value, including I/O:  0  secs


__________Some robust and nonrobust estimators
          SAT data from Hoaglin, Mosteller, & Tukey (1983, Table 12-11)

                       Rural               Urban

mean                    803                 932                
SD+                     120                 177                
median                  812                 900                
Fspread                  85                 277                
MAD                      47                 149                
biweight(9)             821                 931                
Sbi(9)                   98                 179                
huber(2)                815                 932                
tanh645                 816                 932                
midmean                 812                 900                
shortest .6-fraction    125                 225                
95% CI, SD+          730 , 876           825 , 1039 
95% CI, F-spread     764 , 860           744 , 1056 
95% CI, biweight(9)  759 , 883           817 , 1044 

Martinez & Iglewicz (1981) shape statistic
	Rural: I= 1.51 	( I90= 1.33 , I95= 1.64 )
	Urban: I= 1.01 	( I90= 1.33 , I95= 1.64 )


__________Median polish of Infant mortality data (2 iterations)
          Data from Hoaglin, Mosteller & Tukey (1983, 6B)

Typical value:   20.6       (time: 0  secs)
Row effects:     -1.55      2.95     -0.35      0.35   
Col effects:      7.4       5.85     -0.9       0        -3.45   
Residuals:

  #20   stem unit: 1

  1 -5  7
  2 -4  6
  4 -3  80
  4 -2  
  6 -1  21
 10 -0  8400
 10  0  003478
  4  1  2
  3  2  
  3  3  0
  2  4  9

  1  hi (111)

__________polish of the same data using trimmed means (2 iterations)
          trimming fraction 0.25

Typical value:   22.4       (time: 0  secs)
Row effects:     -2.05      2.13      0.797    -0.797  
Col effects:      6.21      4.66     -3.07     -1.19     -4.87   
Residuals:

M    10.5                  0          
F     5.5    -1.444       -0.1675       1.109        |    2.552      
E     3      -2.71         0.1927       3.095        |    5.805      
D     2      -5.21        -0.8355       3.539        |    8.75       
C     1.5    -5.782        0.33         6.442        |   12.22       
      1      -6.355        1.495        9.345        |   15.7        


__________Linear fits: Mickey's (1967) First word - Gesell data
          See Rousseeuw & Leroy (1987), Robust Regression and
          Outlier Detection, p46.

                   slope        intercept

Least squares     -1.127        109.9      
Tukey             -0.5714       103.6      
Sen               -0.875        108.8      
Siegel            -0.3333       100        
Rousseeuw         -1.375        117.6      
Least median of squares=  15.02   (Note: smaller than R&L's!)


__________Checking consistency of Normal and inverse Normal

Biggest difference in 100 cases is  4.193e-12  at p= 0.8958 


__________Checking consistency of t and inverse t
          df random in [1,200]

Biggest difference in 100 cases is  2.206e-07  at df= 4  and p= 0.9848 


__________Checking SS- and df- decomposition by avbc
          Fox (1984), Linear Statistical Models & Related Methods
          Tables 2.6 & 2.8.

                   SS             df         MS          F          p

A                 264.6            2        132.3        4.3409     0.0232   
e(A)              822.9           27         30.478  


__________Checking a smoothing routine (4253Ht)
          Velleman & Hoaglin (1981) Exhibit 6.11

Smooth:
  60           60.35938     60.57812     60.9375      62.21094     65.00781   
  67.84375     69.28125     69.84375     70.05078     69.53125     67.87109   
  65.5625      63.00781     59.93359     55.79297     51.82812     50.23438   
  50.20312     52.03516     55.60547     57.375       57.13281     56.40625   
  55.41406     54.57812     54.1875      54.21484     54.57422     55.20312   

Rough:
#30   stem unit: 10

  1 -1. 5
  2 -1* 4
  6 -0. 9765
 14 -0* 43322210
(11) 0* 00012233444
  5  0. 78
  3  1* 03

  1  hi (26)

__________same data, using lowess with smoothing parameter .3

Smooth:
  60.90904     61.25217     61.73557     62.11469     62.20473     63.53043   
  65.46928     65.75627     65.54934     66.88866     67.14991     65.84402   
  64.51605     63.09065     59.96964     56.40658     53.99168     52.70944   
  52.25653     53.66488     56.03665     56.72425     56.09758     56.02134   
  55.30584     53.82471     53.82151     54.35527     54.85807     55.3386    

Rough:
#30   stem unit: 10

  2 -1* 21
  6 -0. 9866
 14 -0* 44433321
(10) 0* 0223334444
  6  0. 5589
  2  1* 4

  1  hi (29)


__________Bootstrap Standard Error of the product-moment coefficient
          10 data points (x,y uncorrelated uniform random numbers)
          50 bootstrap samples

SE estimate= 0.3653538   (time:  0  secs)
Bootstrap distribution of r: 

#50   stem unit: 0.1

  1 -5  3
  3 -4  50
  6 -3  443
  8 -2  55
 17 -1  866433221
 22 -0  99663
 25  0  099
 25  1  35
 23  2  26
 21  3  22246779
 13  4  45
 11  5  15689
  6  6  24
  4  7  35
  2  8  11


__________Checking bootstrap estimate of the Standard Error of the median
          Sample size 20; 50 bootstrap samples; 20 replications

	 0.136661 
	 0.1888541 
	 0.1246847 
	 0.3315034 
	 0.358397 
	 0.2113347 
	 0.2178936 
	 0.3889224 
	 0.2493274 
	 0.1696146 
	 0.2128325 
	 0.4468742 
	 0.1362512 
	 0.3496875 
	 0.2101892 
	 0.2991698 
	 0.314317 
	 0.2347494 
	 0.3314881 
	 0.2409116 

mean	 0.2576832  ( theoretical value= 0.2802496 )


__________Finding CI for a Binomial success probability
          20 Bernoulli trials, 5 successes (using minimize1)

	90%CI:  0.190983  to  0.440983 

Time:  0  secs


__________Least squares and robust fits to Brownlee stack loss data
          See Hoaglin, Mosteller, & Tukey (1985), 8.3

Least squares estimates: ( 0 secs):
 -39.91967      0.7156402    1.295286    -0.1521225 
L1 estimates: ( 0 secs):
 -39.68986      0.8318841    0.573913    -0.06086957
R-estimates using Wilcoxon score-function ( 0 secs):
 -40.04433      0.7916692    0.9075398   -0.111112  
     tau estimate from Wilcoxon interval (uncorrected for bias)= 2.734748 
     tau window estimate= 2.537063 
Andrews estimates with cutoff 1.5pi ( 0.01 secs):
 -37.13247      0.8182858    0.5195245   -0.07254989
  Weight    Residual
   0         6.1    
   0.918     1.03   
   0         6.3    
   0         8.24   
   0.959    -0.719  
   0.882    -1.24   
   0.992    -0.323  
   0.964     0.677  
   0.928    -0.965  
   0.999     0.124  
   0.953     0.777  
   0.996     0.224  
   0.504    -2.73   
   0.841    -1.45   
   0.866     1.32   
   0.999     0.106  
   0.985    -0.429  
   1         0.0787 
   0.969     0.632  
   0.745     1.87   
   0        -8.94   


__________Generating 100,000 random numbers

random uniform reals in [0,1], using qrand():	 0.01 secs

random uniform reals in [0,1], using randf():	 0.04 secs

random N[0,1], using randnorm():		 0.12 secs

random exponential, using randexp():		 0.06 secs

random Binomial [20,.5] using randbinom():	 0.81 secs

random Poisson  [l=2] using randpoiss():	 0.07 secs

random Gamma [2] using randgamma():		 0.22 secs

random integers in [1,100] using irand_():	 0.06 secs


__________Sorting & shuffling 100,000 random numbers

sorting:				 0.08 secs

shuffling:				 0.03 secs

shuffling rows of 1000x100 matrix:	 0.0003 secs


__________Some Exact (permutation-based) tests & intervals

_____unordered r-by-k contingency tables: likelihood statistic

2 0 1 2 6 
1 3 1 1 1 
1 0 3 1 0 
1 2 1 2 0 
		p=  0.09111777    ( 0.03 secs)
2 0 1 2 6 5 
1 3 1 1 1 2 
1 0 3 1 0 0 
1 2 1 2 0 0 
		p=  0.04537428    ( 0.14 secs)

____exact odds-ratio 95% 2-sided confidence interval:

442   7 
915  62 
	 uncond. OR=  4.278532 
	 95 % cond. CI:  1.960842 	to	 9.544704 
		( 0 secs

_____exact Kendall tau (S)

n=30: x,y sampled independently from N[0,1]:
		p=  0.7263456   ( 0.02 secs)

n= 40: 4 distinct values on each of x,y with occurrences:-
9 2 1 0 
0 5 1 1 
1 2 8 0 
0 0 1 9 
		p=  3.175455e-11   ( 0.02 secs)

_____exact Spearman rho

x:  88 107  96  77  83  12  12  12  10   7  4   5  13  19  40  30   9  29
y: 114 143 191 115 125  14  10  15   6   9  6  10  16  15  17  40   9  32
		p=  5.663287e-09   ( 0.05 secs)

_____exact Smirnov 2-sample test

nx= ny= 40: x,y sampled independently from N[0,1] & N[0,2]:
		p=  0.006760732   ( 0 secs)

_____exact Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) 2-sample test

data (n= 63,31) in contingency table form:
1 2 3 2 1 3 4 1 9 3 3 3 3 0 3 1 2 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 2 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
	U=  967 	/ 0.47047 / 0.5311222 /
	sum p(u) | p(u)<=p(U) & u>=U	/ 0.4705012 /
	sum p(u) | p(u)<=p(U)		// 0.939379 //
	( 0.38 secs)

_____exact complete Mann-Whitney distribution

data (n= 25,25) random integers in [0,5]:
	( 0.02 secs)

_____exact Wilcoxon 1-sample test

Sample from N[0,1], n=100:
	T= 2117 	/ 0.08091873 / 0.9195979 /
	( 0.01 secs)

_____exact permutation-based 99% interval for mean:

Samples, n=10, from N[0,1] and N[1,1]:
	-0.04573049  to  3.574643 	( 0.01 secs)

_____exact multivariate permutation test:
         statistic is no. of crossovers in minimum spanning tree

         group sizes: 4,14         no. of variables: 4

[  kc[18][4]  ]
.   1   2   36.3     
..   2   3   60       
.   1   4   64.5     
..   4   5   15.9     
.   1  16   96.5     
..  16  15   59.2     
...  15  14   36.3     
....  14  13    6.24    
.....  13   6    7.55    
.....  13  10   15.3     
......  10  17    5.48    
.......  17   7    5.48    
........   7   9    4.69    
.........   9  11    6.16    
..........  11  12    5.74    
.......  17   8    6.78    
...  15  18   27.1     
	crossings=  2 	/ 0.005553741 / 0.9993466 /
	( 0.5 secs)

_____exact multivariate permutation test:
         statistic is Boyett & Schuster's 
         same problem as previously

	max scaled difference=  3.982022 	/ 0.9990196 / 0.0009803922 /
	max scaled abs(difference)=  3.982022 	/ 0.0009803922 /
	( 0.3 secs)


..end of demo32